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In the developing chordate (including vertebrates), the neural tube is the embryonic precursor to the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into the closed ...
The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of the midbrain, aqueduct of Sylvius, Sylvian aqueduct, mesencephalic duct) is a small, narrow tube connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The cerebral aqueduct is a midline structure that passes through the midbrain .
Gyrification allows a larger cortical surface area, and hence greater cognitive functionality to fit inside a smaller cranium. In most mammals , gyrification begins during fetal development . Primates , cetaceans , and ungulates have extensive cortical gyri, with a few species exceptions, while small rodents such as the rat , and mouse have none.
The human brain undergoes gyrification during fetal and neonatal development. In embryonic development, all mammalian brains begin as smooth structures derived from the neural tube . A cerebral cortex without surface convolutions is lissencephalic , meaning 'smooth-brained'. [ 4 ]
While the cells that remain as the neural tube form the brain and spinal cord, the other cells that were part of the neural plate migrate away from the tube as neural crest cells. After an epithelial–mesenchymal transition, these cells form the autonomic nervous system and certain cells of the peripheral nervous system. [7]
The neural plate folds in upon itself to form the neural tube, which will later differentiate into the spinal cord and the brain, eventually forming the central nervous system. [2] Computer simulations found that cell wedging and differential proliferation are sufficient for mammalian neurulation.
Why brain rot and bed rotting are a response to burnout — and what mental health experts say about it. Why brain rot and bed rotting aren't all bad — and the reasons why Gen Z and millennials ...
The development of the nervous system in humans, or neural development, or neurodevelopment involves the studies of embryology, developmental biology, and neuroscience.These describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the complex nervous system forms in humans, develops during prenatal development, and continues to develop postnatally.