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Continental shelves teem with life because of the sunlight available in shallow waters, in contrast to the biotic desert of the oceans' abyssal plain. The pelagic (water column) environment of the continental shelf constitutes the neritic zone , and the benthic (sea floor) province of the shelf is the sublittoral zone . [ 35 ]
It extends from the low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf, with a relatively shallow depth extending to about 200 meters (660 feet). Above the neritic zone lie the intertidal (or eulittoral) and supralittoral zones; below it the continental slope begins, descending from the continental shelf to the abyssal plain and the pelagic zone.
The continental shelf is the relatively shallow water area found in proximity to continents; it is the portion of the continental margin that transitions from the shore out towards to ocean. Continental shelves are believed to make up 7% of the sea floor. [3] The width of continental shelves worldwide varies in the range of 0.03–1500 km. [4]
The Agulhas Bank (/ ə ˈ ɡ ʌ l ə s /, from Portuguese for Cape Agulhas, Cabo das Agulhas, "Cape of Needles") [1] is a broad, shallow part of the southern African continental shelf which extends up to 250 km (160 mi) south of Cape Agulhas before falling steeply to the abyssal plain.
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the continental shelf pump is proposed to operate in the shallow waters of the continental shelves, acting as a mechanism to transport carbon (as either dissolved or particulate material) from surface waters to the interior of the adjacent deep ocean.
Like the Gulf of Maine, it is an area of relatively high primary production. Much of the primary production in the Mid Atlantic Bight is in the summer and winter, and is highest near shore, and in estuarine environments. The shelf break is home to a large number of corals and sea fans, most of which are found at depths of greater than 50 m.
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