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  2. Respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_tract...

    In the first line of defense, inhaled bacteria are trapped by mucus and are swept toward the pharynx and are swallowed. [1] Bacteria which penetrate the mucous layer are dealt with a second line of defense which includes antimicrobial peptides that are secreted by the surface epithelium of the respiratory tract which kill many strains of ...

  3. Immune response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_response

    An immune response is a physiological reaction which occurs within an organism in the context of inflammation for the purpose of defending against exogenous factors. These include a wide variety of different toxins, viruses, intra- and extracellular bacteria, protozoa, helminths, and fungi which could cause serious problems to the health of the host organism if not cleared from the body.

  4. Innate immune system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

    The innate immune system is an alternate defense strategy and is the dominant immune system response found in plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and invertebrates (see Beyond vertebrates). [ 2 ] The major functions of the innate immune system are to:

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  6. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue

    The following examples comprise lymphoid tissues that act as interfaces between immune system and incoming antigens either as food antigens or as pathogenic or commensal microbiota's antigens: [citation needed] Waldeyer's tonsillar ring; Small lymphoid aggregates in the esophagus; Lymphoid tissue accumulating with age in the stomach

  7. Interior lines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_lines

    Interior lines [a] (as opposed to exterior lines) is a military term, derived from the generic term line of operation or line of movement. [1] The term "interior lines" is commonly used to illustrate, describe, and analyze the various possible routes (lines) of logistics, supply, recon, approach, attack, evasion, maneuver, or retreat of armed forces.

  8. Reverse slope defence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_slope_defence

    Examples of reverse slope defense during the American Civil War included Stonewall Jackson's defense of Henry House Hill during the First Battle of Bull Run (also known as Manassas) (1861), where he ordered his soldiers to lie down below the crest of the hill in order to avoid Union artillery, and Winfield Scott Hancock's counter-attack against Jubal Early at the Battle of Williamsburg (1862).

  9. Suspensory muscle of duodenum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum

    The duodenum and the jejunum are the first and second parts of the small intestine, respectively.The suspensory muscle of the duodenum marks their formal division. [2] The suspensory muscle arises from the right crus of the diaphragm as it passes around the esophagus, continues as connective tissue around the stems of the celiac trunk (celiac artery) and superior mesenteric artery, passes ...