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Zoning laws in major cities originated with the Los Angeles zoning ordinances of 1904 [4] [5] and the New York City 1916 Zoning Resolution. [6] Early zoning regulations were in some cases motivated by racism and classism, particularly with regard to those mandating single-family housing.
A Standard State Zoning Enabling Act" (SZEA) was a model law for U.S. states to enable zoning regulations in their jurisdictions. It was drafted by a committee of the Department of Commerce and first issued in 1922. This act was one of the foundational developments in land use planning in the United States.
In the 1910s, US cities began enacting policies that would shape neighborhoods and, unintentionally, lay the roots for the severe housing shortage today: single-family zoning laws.
Exclusionary zoning is the use of zoning ordinances to exclude certain types of land uses from a given community, especially to regulate racial and economic diversity. [1] In the United States, exclusionary zoning ordinances are standard in almost all communities.
For instance, if a city has a minimum lot size of 5,000 square feet, only eight full homes can be built on a single acre of land (1 acre = 43,560 square feet).
Today’s local government land use stack of single-family zoning, minimum lot sizes, setbacks and other restrictions are little more than latter-day redlining.
By advocating for single-family zoning, McDuffie and other developers at the time were attempting to price out social groups whom they deemed to be less desirable for the neighborhood. [1] This makes single-family zoning one of many exclusionary zoning policies intended to limit who was able to afford living in a certain neighborhood.
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