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Rubella virus (RuV) is the pathogenic agent of the disease rubella, transmitted only between humans via the respiratory route, and is the main cause of congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy. Rubella virus, scientific name Rubivirus rubellae, is a member of the genus Rubivirus and belongs to the ...
Rubella infection in pregnancy can result in various outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to congenital defects to miscarriage and fetal death. [3] [4] If infection occurs 0–11 weeks after conception, the infant has a 90% risk of being affected. [1] If the infection occurs 12–20 weeks after conception, the risk is 20%.
TORCH syndrome is a cluster of symptoms caused by congenital infection with toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and other organisms including syphilis, parvovirus, and Varicella zoster. [1] Zika virus is considered the most recent member of TORCH infections. [2]
Rubella is still common in some regions of the world and Susan E. Reef, team lead for rubella at the CDC's global immunization division, who joined in the announcement, said there was no chance it would be eradicated worldwide before 2020. [8] Rubella is the third disease to be eliminated from the Western Hemisphere with vaccination after ...
For example, serology positive for rubella specific antibodies, viral culture with isolated rubella, or isolation of rubella virus RNA through polymerase chain reaction can all confirm that congenital rubella infection is the underlying cause of the blueberry muffin rash. [8]
Rubella vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rubella. [1] Effectiveness begins about two weeks after a single dose and around 95% of people become immune. Countries with high rates of immunization no longer see cases of rubella or congenital rubella syndrome. When there is a low level of childhood immunization in a population it is possible for ...
The disease itself is fairly mild, usually presenting with a rash on the face and general sickness symptoms, such as coughing, fever, and fatigue, however, the real danger lies in Rubella infections in women who are pregnant. Pregnant women with Rubella are at risk of having a miscarriage or having a baby born with multiple birth defects due to ...
In the mother, it may cause subtle signs such as an influenza-like illness, or possibly no symptoms at all. In such cases, the effects may be seen first at birth. [citation needed] Symptoms of a vertically transmitted infection may include fever and flu-like symptoms. The newborn is often small for gestational age.