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The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. [2] It consists of the cerebral peduncles , tegmentum , and tectum . It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal ( alertness ), and temperature regulation.
2 Midbrain (mesencephalon) 3 Forebrain (prosencephalon) Toggle Forebrain (prosencephalon) subsection. 3.1 Diencephalon. ... "Brain Anatomy and How the Brain Works".
Anatomically, as the name suggests, the MLR is located in the mesencephalon (or midbrain), ventral to the inferior colliculus and near the cuneiform nucleus. [6] Although identifying the exact anatomical substrates of the MLR has been subject to considerable debate, the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), cuneiform nucleus, and midbrain ...
In 1316, Mondino de Luzzi's Anathomia began the modern study of brain anatomy. [231] Niccolò Massa discovered in 1536 that the ventricles were filled with fluid. [ 232 ] Archangelo Piccolomini of Rome was the first to distinguish between the cerebrum and cerebral cortex. [ 233 ]
It forms the floor of the midbrain (mesencephalon) whereas the tectum forms the ceiling. [2] It is a multisynaptic network of neurons that is involved in many subconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways. It is a motor center that relays inhibitory signals to the thalamus and basal nuclei preventing unwanted body movement. [citation needed]
Caudally, it is continuous with the fourth ventricle at the junction of the mesencephalon and pons. [3] The midbrain tegmentum is situated anteriorly to the cerebral aqueduct. [3] The portion of the tegmentum posterior to the aqueduct is the tectum. [1] The superior and inferior colliculi that make up the corpora quadrigemina are situated ...
The mesencephalon is the second of the three primary vesicles, and does not further differentiate into a secondary brain vesicle. This will become the midbrain. The third primary vesicle, the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) will further differentiate into two secondary vesicles, the metencephalon and the myelencephalon.
The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a prominent bundle of nerve fibres which pass within the ventral/anterior portion of periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon (midbrain). [1] It contains the interstitial nucleus of Cajal , responsible for oculomotor control, head posture, and vertical eye movement.