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The slope field of () = +, showing three of the infinitely many solutions that can be produced by varying the arbitrary constant c.. In calculus, an antiderivative, inverse derivative, primitive function, primitive integral or indefinite integral [Note 1] of a continuous function f is a differentiable function F whose derivative is equal to the original function f.
the integral is called an indefinite integral, which represents a class of functions (the antiderivative) whose derivative is the integrand. [19] The fundamental theorem of calculus relates the evaluation of definite integrals to indefinite integrals. There are several extensions of the notation for integrals to encompass integration on ...
Since 1968 there is the Risch algorithm for determining indefinite integrals that can be expressed in term of elementary functions, typically using a computer algebra system. Integrals that cannot be expressed using elementary functions can be manipulated symbolically using general functions such as the Meijer G-function .
The first part of the theorem, the first fundamental theorem of calculus, states that for a continuous function f, an antiderivative or indefinite integral F can be obtained as the integral of f over an interval with a variable upper bound. [1]
In calculus, the constant of integration, often denoted by (or ), is a constant term added to an antiderivative of a function () to indicate that the indefinite integral of () (i.e., the set of all antiderivatives of ()), on a connected domain, is only defined up to an additive constant.
In mathematics, a nonelementary antiderivative of a given elementary function is an antiderivative (or indefinite integral) that is, itself, not an elementary function. [1] A theorem by Liouville in 1835 provided the first proof that nonelementary antiderivatives exist. [2]
[48]: 163–165 F is an indefinite integral of f when f is a derivative of F. (This use of lower- and upper-case letters for a function and its indefinite integral is common in calculus.) The definite integral inputs a function and outputs a number, which gives the algebraic sum of areas between the graph of the input and the x-axis.
In calculus, symbolic integration is the problem of finding a formula for the antiderivative, or indefinite integral, of a given function f(x), i.e. to find a formula for a differentiable function F(x) such that