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Alcohol can exacerbate the symptoms and may directly contribute to increased severity of symptoms. The reasons for toxicity vary depending on the mixture of drugs. Usually, most victims die after using two or more drugs in combination that suppress breathing, and the low blood oxygen level causes brain death. [6]
Amphetamine [note 2] (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity; it is also used to treat binge eating disorder in the form of its inactive prodrug lisdexamfetamine.
Symptoms of acute toxicity may include agitation, sweating, increased blood pressure and heart rate, dramatic increase in body temperature, convulsions, and death. Death is usually caused by cardiac effects and subsequent hemorrhaging in the brain . [8] [medical citation needed]
Long-term amphetamine exposure at sufficiently high doses in some animal species is known to produce abnormal dopamine system development or nerve damage, [25] [26] but, in humans with ADHD, long-term use of pharmaceutical amphetamines at therapeutic doses appears to improve brain development and nerve growth.
Amphetamine dependence refers to a state of psychological dependence on a drug in the amphetamine class. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Stimulants such as amphetamines and cocaine do not cause somatic symptoms upon cessation of use but rather neurological -based mental symptoms.
Adderall and Mydayis [11] are trade names [note 2] for a combination drug containing four salts of amphetamine.The mixture is composed of equal parts racemic amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which produces a (3:1) ratio between dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine, the two enantiomers of amphetamine. [13]
The Times story also cited a buprenorphine study by researchers in Sweden that looked at “100 autopsies where buprenorphine had been detected.” According to the Times, the study found that “in two-thirds, it was the direct cause of death, mostly in combination with other drugs.” It was a misreading of the study.
Drugs in the class of amphetamines, or substituted amphetamines, are known to induce "amphetamine psychosis" typically when chronically abused or used in high doses. [7] In an Australian study of 309 active methamphetamine users, 18% had experienced a clinical level psychosis in the past year. [8]