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A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. [1] Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living , such as respiratory disorders , blindness , epilepsy [ 2 ] and sleep disorders .
Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability.Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, while disability was considered a social construct. [1]
When an individual has a feature that creates an impairment, restriction, or limitation from reaching the social definition of health, the individual is labeled as disabled. Under this idea, disability is not defined by the physical features of the body but by a deviance from the social convention of health. [43]
Following the UPIAS "social definition of disability", in 1983 the disabled academic Mike Oliver coined the phrase social model of disability in reference to these ideological developments. [14] Oliver focused on the idea of an individual model (of which the medical was a part) versus a social model, derived from the distinction originally made ...
Models of disability are analytic tools in disability studies used to articulate different ways disability is conceptualized by individuals and society broadly. [1] [2] Disability models are useful for understanding disagreements over disability policy, [2] teaching people about ableism, [3] providing disability-responsive health care, [3] and articulating the life experiences of disabled people.
Ableism (/ ˈ eɪ b əl ɪ z əm /; also known as ablism, disablism (British English), anapirophobia, anapirism, and disability discrimination) is discrimination and social prejudice against people with physical or mental disabilities (see also Sanism).
Nationally, it's estimated that 7% to 8% of all long-term disability claims are related to mental health, according to a testimony provided by Richard Leavitt, a consulting actuary at the Smith ...
According to some disability scholars, disabilities are created by oppressive relations with society, this has been called the social creationist view of disability. [37] In this view, it is important to grasp the difference between physical impairment and disability.