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The tobacco-specific nitrosamines are present in cigarette smoke and to a lesser degree in "smokeless" tobacco products such as dipping tobacco and chewing tobacco; additional information has shown that trace amounts of NNN and NNK have been detected in e-cigarettes. [3] They are present in trace amounts in snus. They are important carcinogens ...
A common way ordinary consumers are exposed to nitrosamines is through tobacco use and cigarette smoke. [14] Tobacco-specific nitrosamines also can be found in American dip snuff, chewing tobacco, and to a much lesser degree, snus (127.9 ppm for American dip snuff compared to 2.8 ppm in Swedish snuff or snus). [16]
Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is one of the key tobacco-specific nitrosamines derived from nicotine. It plays an important role in carcinogenesis. [1] The conversion of nicotine to NNK entails opening of the pyrrolidine ring.
Environmental tobacco smoke can oxidize with environmental nitrous acid to create carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). [2] One TSNA, called 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1- butanone (also known as nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone, or NNK ), is a potent lung-specific carcinogen ubiquitous in tobacco smoke and smokers ...
NNN is a derivative of nicotine that is produced in the curing of tobacco, in the burning of tobacco (such as with cigarettes), and in the acidic conditions of the stomach. Nicotine is converted into nornicotine via nicotine N-demethylase (NND), an enzyme found in the tobacco plant that works by removing the methyl group from the nitrogen on ...
Tobacco smoke contains a number of toxicologically significant chemicals and groups of chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzopyrene), tobacco-specific nitrosamines (NNK, NNN), aldehydes (acrolein, formaldehyde), carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides (nitrogen dioxide), benzene, toluene, phenols (phenol, cresol ...
Carcinogenic compounds in smokeless tobacco belong primarily to three groups of compounds: tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), N-nitrosoamino acids and N-nitrosamines. Among these TSNAs are the most abundant in smokeless tobacco and the most carcinogenic. [4] [12] N-nitrosonornicotine and ketone are group 1 carcinogens to humans. [24]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 January 2025. Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health "Health effects of smoking" and "Dangers of smoking" redirect here. For cannabis, see Effects of cannabis. For smoking crack cocaine, see Crack cocaine § Health issues. "Smoking and health" redirects here. For ...