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The other spacecraft, Iridium 33, was a 560-kilogram (1,200 lb) U.S.-built commercial satellite that was part of the Iridium constellation for satellite phones. [2] It was launched on September 14, 1997, atop a Russian Proton rocket.
The Iridium system was designed to be accessed by small handheld phones, the size of a cell phone. While "the weight of a typical cell phone in the early 1990s was 10.5 ounces" [6] (300 grams) Advertising Age wrote in mid 1999 that "when its phone debuted, weighing 1 pound (453 grams) and costing $3,000, it was viewed as both unwieldly and expensive."
First-generation Iridium satellite. Antennas can be seen in front, and solar panels in the back. The first generation of the Iridium constellation launched a total of 95 telecommunication satellites in low Earth orbit which were known to cause Iridium flares, the brightest flares of all orbiting satellites, starting in 1997. From 2017 to 2019 ...
Iridium compounds are used as catalysts in the Cativa process for carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid. [92] [93] Iridium complexes are often active for asymmetric hydrogenation both by traditional hydrogenation. [94] and transfer hydrogenation. [95] This property is the basis of the industrial route to the chiral herbicide (S ...
At 16:56 UTC on 10 February 2009, [11] it collided with Iridium 33 (1997-051C), an Iridium satellite, [12] in the first major collision of two satellites in Earth orbit. The Iridium satellite, which was operational at the time of the collision, was destroyed, as was Kosmos-2251. [13] NASA reported that a large amount of debris was produced by ...
Iridium Communications Inc. (formerly Iridium Satellite LLC) is a publicly traded American company headquartered in McLean, Virginia, United States. Iridium operates the Iridium satellite constellation , a system of 80 satellites: 66 are active satellites and the remaining fourteen function as in-orbit spares. [ 2 ]
There were 190 known satellite breakups between 1961 and 2006. [2] By 2015, the total had grown to 250 on-orbit fragmentation events. [3]As of 2012 there were an estimated 500,000 pieces of debris in orbit, [4] with 300,000 pieces below 2000 km (). [1]
NASA: Low Earth: Heliophysics: In orbit: Successful 11 February 17:45 Delta II 7920-10C Vandenberg SLC-2W: Boeing IDS: Iridium 91: Iridium: Low Earth: Communications: 13 March 2019 [1] Successful Iridium 90: Iridium: Low Earth: Communications: 23 January 2019 [2] Successful Iridium 94: Iridium: Low Earth: Communications: 18 April 2018 [3 ...