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On airless bodies, the lack of any significant greenhouse effect allows equilibrium temperatures to approach mean surface temperatures, as on Mars, [5] where the equilibrium temperature is 210 K (−63 °C; −82 °F) and the mean surface temperature of emission is 215 K (−58 °C; −73 °F). [6]
Ross 128 b is calculated to have a temperature similar to that of Earth and potentially conducive to the development of life. [5] The discovery team modelled the planet's potential equilibrium temperature using albedos of 0.100, 0.367, and 0.750. Albedo is the portion of the light that is reflected instead of absorbed by a celestial object.
This is a list of the coolest exoplanets known, specifically those with temperatures lower than −75 °C (198 K). Planets from the Solar System were also included for comparison purposes. Discovered in 2006, OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb is the coldest known exoplanet, and was nicknamed " Hoth " by NASA in reference to the planet from the Star Wars ...
The effective temperature of the Sun (5778 kelvins) is the temperature a black body of the same size must have to yield the same total emissive power.. The effective temperature of a star is the temperature of a black body with the same luminosity per surface area (F Bol) as the star and is defined according to the Stefan–Boltzmann law F Bol = σT eff 4.
The temperatures of a planet's surface and atmosphere are governed by a delicate balancing of their energy flows. The idealized greenhouse model is based on the fact that certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere , including carbon dioxide and water vapour , are transparent to the high-frequency solar radiation , but are much more opaque to the ...
If the planet's atmosphere is in radiative equilibrium, then the uppermost of these opaque layers should radiate infrared radiation upwards with a flux equal to the incident solar flux. The uppermost opaque layer (the emission level) will thus radiate as a blackbody at the planet's equilibrium temperature. [3] [4]
In the absence of an atmosphere, its equilibrium temperature (assuming an Earth-like albedo) would be approximately 279 K (6 °C; 43 °F), slightly higher than that of Earth's 255 K (−18 °C; −1 °F). [3] The planet's first transit was observed on 12 May 2009. Confirmation of the existence of Kepler-22b was announced on December 5, 2011.
In planetary science, the Komabayashi–Ingersoll limit represents the maximum solar flux a planet can handle without a runaway greenhouse effect setting in. [1] [2] [3]. For planets with temperature-dependent sources of greenhouse gases such as liquid water and optically thin atmospheres the outgoing longwave radiation curve (which indicates how fast energy can be radiated away by the planet ...