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Stamen is the Latin word meaning "thread" (originally thread of the warp, in weaving). [8]Filament derives from classical Latin filum, meaning "thread" [8]; Anther derives from French anthère, [9] from classical Latin anthera, meaning "medicine extracted from the flower" [10] [11] in turn from Ancient Greek ἀνθηρά (anthērá), [9] [11] feminine of ἀνθηρός (anthērós) meaning ...
These 10 nm filaments are made up of polypeptide chains, which belong to the same family as intermediate filaments. Intermediate filaments are not involved with the direct movement of cells unlike microtubules and microfilaments. Intermediate filaments can play a role in cell communication in a process known as crosstalk.
The filaments move bidirectionally, i.e. both towards the axon tip (anterograde) and towards the cell body (retrograde), but the net direction is anterograde. The filaments move at velocities of up to 8 μm/s on short time scales (seconds or minutes), with average velocities of approximately 1 μm/s. [ 14 ]
Strengthening of epithelial cells with these intermediate filaments may prevent onset of apoptosis, or cell death, by reducing the probability of stress. [29] Intermediate filaments are most commonly known as the support system or "scaffolding" for the cell and nucleus while also playing a role in some cell functions.
Inside a cilium and a flagellum is a microtubule-based cytoskeleton called the axoneme. The axoneme of a primary cilium typically has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets (called a 9+0 axoneme), and the axoneme of a motile cilium has two central microtubules in addition to the nine outer doublets (called a 9+2 axoneme).
[1] [2] [3] In most eukaryotic cells lacking a cell wall, the cortex is an actin-rich network consisting of F-actin filaments, myosin motors, and actin-binding proteins. [4] [5] The actomyosin cortex is attached to the cell membrane via membrane-anchoring proteins called ERM proteins that plays a central role in cell shape control.
Microtubule and tubulin metrics [1]. Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. Microtubules can be as long as 50 micrometres, as wide as 23 to 27 nm [2] and have an inner diameter between 11 and 15 nm. [3]
As suggested by the first model, all IF proteins appear to have a central alpha-helical rod domain that is composed of four alpha-helical segments (named as 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B) separated by three linker regions. [9] [10] The central building block of an intermediate filament is a pair of two intertwined proteins that is called a coiled-coil ...