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Fleischner sign is a radiological sign that aids the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. [1] The sign indicates the dilatation of the proximal pulmonary arteries due to pulmonary embolism. [2] It was named after Felix Fleischner, who first described it. [3] The Fleishner sign is seen both on X-ray and CT scan of chest/thorax.
The Fleischner Society is an international, multidisciplinary medical society for thoracic radiology, dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the chest. . Founded in 1969 by eight radiologists whose predominant professional interests were imaging of chest diseases, the Society was named in memory of Felix Fleischner, an inspiring educator, clinician, and researcher who made ...
Knuckle sign is a radiologic sign used for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. [1] [2] The presence of a blood clot in the branch of a pulmonary artery can resemble a knuckle in CT and X-ray images, which is why it is called knuckle sign. [3]
For incidentally detected nodules on CT scan, Fleischner Society guidelines are given in table below. For multiple nodes, management is based on the most suspicious node. [ 8 ] These guidelines do not apply in lung cancer screening, in patients with immunosuppression, or in patients with known primary cancer.
Felix Fleischner was born in Vienna. [3] He became an expert in the field of radiology, and most of his work centered on the chest x-ray. [4] He served as professor and head of radiology of the Second Medical Clinic of the University of Vienna. Being of Jewish ethnicity, [5] Fleischner moved to Boston after Austria was annexed by Germany in 1938.
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Fleischner’s research focuses mainly on graph theoretical topics such as hamiltonian and eulerian graphs. One of his main achievements is the proof of the theorem according to which the square of every two-connected graph has a Hamiltonian cycle. This result (now known as Fleischner's theorem) had been submitted in 1971 and was published in 1974.
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, Fleischner's theorem gives a sufficient condition for a graph to contain a Hamiltonian cycle. It states that, if G {\displaystyle G} is a 2-vertex-connected graph , then the square of G {\displaystyle G} is Hamiltonian.