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A 17th–century Dutch map of the Americas. The historiography of Spanish America in multiple languages is vast and has a long history. [1] [2] [3] It dates back to the early sixteenth century with multiple competing accounts of the conquest, Spaniards’ eighteenth-century attempts to discover how to reverse the decline of its empire, [4] and people of Spanish descent born in the Americas ...
By the late 1560s, Miguel López de Legazpi who had left Mexico with a retinue of Spanish and Mexican soldiers, was already searching for a more suitable place to establish the Spanish colonial capital, having found first Cebu and then Iloilo undesirable because of insufficient food supplies and attacks by Portuguese pirates.
"Taps" is derived from the same source as "Tattoo". [4] [5] "Taps" is sometimes said to originate from the Dutch taptoe, meaning "close the [beer] taps [and send the troops back to camp]". An alternative explanation, however, is that it carried over from a term already in use before the American Civil War.
The Libertadores (Spanish and Portuguese for "Liberators") were the principal leaders of the Spanish American wars of independence. They were predominantly criollos (Americas-born people of European ancestry, mostly Spanish or Portuguese), bourgeois and influenced by liberalism and in some cases with military training in the mother country .
American/Cuban victory, capture of San Juan heights. [14] Battle of Aguacate: July 1, 1898 Cuban victory, many Spanish forces continue retreat to Santiago. [31] Battle of Santiago de Cuba: July 3, 1898 American victory, destruction of six Spanish ships escaping from Santiago harbor. [17] Siege of Santiago de Cuba: July 3–17, 1898
The Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851099511. Langley, Harold D. (1994). "Blockades in the West Indies During the Spanish-Cuban/American War". In Beede, Benjamin R. (ed.).
Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest was first published 2003 in cloth (hardcover) edition by OUP, with a paperback edition released the following year. A Spanish-language edition (under the title Los siete mitos de la conquista española) was published by Paidós, with imprints issued in Spain (Barcelona, November 2004) and Mexico (2005).
The Spanish–American War was a medical disaster for American and Spanish forces. While combat casualties were low, disease took a devastating toll on American troops. The central medical crisis of the war was the typhoid fever epidemic that ravaged military camps.