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A carcinogen (/ k ɑːr ˈ s ɪ n ə dʒ ən /) is any agent that promotes the development of cancer. [1] Carcinogens can include synthetic chemicals, naturally occurring substances, physical agents such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, and biologic agents such as viruses and bacteria. [2]
Non-fibrous particulate materials that cause cancer include powdered metallic cobalt and nickel, and crystalline silica (quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite). [32] Usually, physical carcinogens must get inside the body (such as through inhaling tiny pieces) and require years of exposure to develop cancer. [32] Common occupational carcinogens ...
The central role of DNA damage and epigenetic defects in DNA repair genes in carcinogenesis. DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of cancer. [17] More than 60,000 new naturally-occurring instances of DNA damage arise, on average, per human cell, per day, due to endogenous cellular processes (see article DNA damage (naturally occurring)).
A growing body of evidence has shown links between cancer and drinking alcohol. ... preventable cause of cancer responsible for about 100,000 cases of cancer and 20,000 cancer deaths annually in ...
Bacteria involved in causing and treating cancers. Cancer bacteria are bacteria infectious organisms that are known or suspected to cause cancer. [1] While cancer-associated bacteria have long been considered to be opportunistic (i.e., infecting healthy tissues after cancer has already established itself), there is some evidence that bacteria may be directly carcinogenic.
Researchers have identified nearly 200 chemicals used to make food packaging that could possibly increase the risk of breast cancer.. Found in plastics and paper, some of the potential mammary ...
It can also alter hormone levels and make it easier for the body to absorb other carcinogens like tobacco smoke, thereby increasing the risk of breast, mouth or throat cancers. ... cause of cancer ...
Tobacco smoke, for example, causes 90% of lung cancer. [48] Tobacco use can cause cancer throughout the body including in the mouth and throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, bladder, kidney, cervix, colon/rectum, liver and pancreas. [49] [50] Tobacco smoke contains over fifty known carcinogens, including nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic ...