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HIV/AIDS. HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and can be transmitted during sexual intercourse; by sharing syringes; or perinatally during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. Since the first AIDS cases were reported in 1981, HIV/AIDS has been one of humanity’s deadliest ...
HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV attacks the immune system by entering and destroying CD4+ T cells, a type of white blood cell that is vital to fighting off infection. The destruction of these cells leaves people with HIV vulnerable to other pathogens and complications.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), in which a person without HIV-negative takes antiretroviral drugs to prevent them from acquiring HIV, may be part of the conversation. Learn more about PrEP. Do I still need to worry about other sexually transmitted infections? HIV treatment and PrEP do not prevent other sexually transmitted infections, or STIs.
NIAID is making every effort to eliminate the use of stigmatizing terminology and advance the use of person-first, inclusive, and respectful language. This updated HIV Language Guide (May 2024) is an important step toward that end. This resource is applicable to all communications, including but not limited to grant applications, contracts, publications, presentations, abstracts, and press ...
This infographic illustrates the HIV replication cycle, which begins when HIV fuses with the surface of the host cell. A capsid containing the virus’s genome and proteins then enters the cell. The shell of the capsid disintegrates and the HIV protein called reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral RNA into DNA. The viral DNA is transported ...
Voluntary medical male circumcision protects against HIV infection by safely removing the foreskin, which is susceptible to infection, from the penis. Male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of sexually transmitting HIV from a woman living with HIV to a man and is recommended by the World Health Organization.
A NIAID study revealed how some variants of SARS-CoV-2—the virus that causes COVID-19—could evolve. The researchers used cutting-edge technology to examine genes from SARS-CoV-2 in people with and without HIV who also had COVID-19, looking at the different copies of the virus in individuals over time. They found that people with advanced HIV—as defined by reduced numbers of immune cells ...
Laboratory and animal studies are exploring new platforms for antiretroviral-based HIV prevention, including dissolvable vaginal film, rectal douche, and multipurpose technology that would pair PrEP with a contraceptive. View a 2019 infographic on NIAID-supported research on long-acting HIV prevention.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US. NIAID conducts and supports research to better understand papillomaviruses, develop new diagnostics that can detect HPV infection more accurately and rapidly, find new treatments (i.e., antivirals and novel targets for therapeutic development against HPV associated disease), and examine current HPV ...
The number of concurrent syphilis and HIV diagnoses increased from seven to 24 without any additional intervention specific to HIV testing. The authors suggest that optional emergency department screening could help close current healthcare gaps in syphilis diagnosis and treatment, including among pregnant people, high incidence populations ...