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Brainstem death is a clinical syndrome defined by the absence of reflexes with pathways through the brainstem – the "stalk" of the brain, which connects the spinal cord to the mid-brain, cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres – in a deeply comatose, ventilator -dependent patient. Identification of this state carries a very grave prognosis for ...
15,000 to 20,000. Brain death is the permanent, irreversible, and complete loss of brain function, which may include cessation of involuntary activity necessary to sustain life. [1][2][3][4] It differs from persistent vegetative state, in which the person is alive and some autonomic functions remain. [5] It is also distinct from comas as long ...
The mental status examination (MSE) is an important part of the clinical assessment process in neurological and psychiatric practice. It is a structured way of observing and describing a patient's psychological functioning at a given point in time, under the domains of appearance, attitude, behavior, mood and affect, speech, thought process, thought content, perception, cognition, insight, and ...
Lazarus sign. The Lazarus sign or Lazarus reflex is a reflex movement in brain-dead or brainstem failure patients, [1] which causes them to briefly raise their arms and drop them crossed on their chests (in a position similar to some Egyptian mummies). [2][3] The phenomenon is named after the Biblical figure Lazarus of Bethany, [4] whom Jesus ...
General paresis, also known as general paralysis of the insane (GPI), paralytic dementia, or syphilitic paresis is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, classified as an organic mental disorder, and is caused by late-stage syphilis and the chronic meningoencephalitis and cerebral atrophy that are associated with this late stage of the disease when left untreated.
1 per million per year [4] Deaths. 131 in the United Kingdom (2020) [6] Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), also known as subacute spongiform encephalopathy or neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. [4][1] Early symptoms include memory problems, behavioral changes, poor coordination, and visual ...
Cerebral angiography is a form of angiography which provides images of blood vessels in and around the brain, thereby allowing detection of abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms. [1] It was pioneered in 1927 by the Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz at the University of Lisbon, who also helped develop thorotrast for use ...
Intraventricular hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), also known asintraventricular bleeding, is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates through towards the subarachnoid space. It can result from physical trauma or from hemorrhagic stroke.