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Scotland’s culture and customs remain remarkably vigorous and distinctive despite the country’s union with the United Kingdom since the early 18th century and the threat of dominance by its more powerful partner to the south.
Scotland is the most northerly of the four parts of the United Kingdom, occupying about one-third of the island of Great Britain. It has a long and complicated history with England, with which it was merged in 1707 to form the United Kingdom. Its capital is Edinburgh.
Scotland - Celts, Vikings, Union: Evidence of human settlement in the area later known as Scotland dates from the 3rd millennium bce.
Scotland's culture can be traced back almost a thousand years and it's just as alive today as it has ever been. From the ancient clans of the 12th century, each generation has added their own cultural thumbprint, creating a unique and vibrant country.
The history of Scotland is fascinating and complex; there are Roman soldiers, Vikings, noble clansmen and powerful monarchs, but more recently there are world-changing discoveries and innovations, groundbreaking technologies and an incredibly progressive society.
The recorded history of Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, when the province of Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall. North of this was Caledonia, inhabited by the Picti, whose uprisings forced Rome's legions back to Hadrian's Wall.
The culture of Scotland refers to the patterns of human activity and symbolism associated with Scotland and the Scottish people. The Scottish flag is blue with a white saltire, and represents the cross of Saint Andrew.
Find out more about Scottish culture from our kilts and tartan to our history, famous writers and epic myths and legends.
We’re passionate about telling the story of Scotland and its people. This handy timeline offers a bird’s-eye view of Scottish history, from the first people to the Age of Enlightenment, and includes famous figures like Robert the Bruce and Mary, Queen of Scots.
Explore centuries of Scottish history and archaeology. Come face to face with iconic historic artefacts, learn how Scottish innovation has helped shape the modern world and see how the lives of everyday Scots have changed through the centuries.