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Role. A role (also rôle or social role) is a set of connected behaviors, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms as conceptualized by people in a social situation. It is an expected or free or continuously changing behavior and may have a given individual social status or social position. It is vital to both functionalist and interactionist ...
Role theory is a concept in sociology and in social psychology that considers most of everyday activity to be the acting-out of socially defined categories (e.g., mother, manager, teacher). Each role is a set of rights, duties, expectations, norms, and behaviors that a person has to face and fulfill. [1] The model is based on the observation ...
Job demands-resources model. The job demands-resources model (JD-R model) is an occupational stress model that suggests strain is a response to imbalance between demands on the individual and the resources he or she has to deal with those demands. [1][2] The JD-R was introduced as an alternative to other models of employee well-being, such as ...
Role conflict occurs when there are incompatible demands placed upon a person relating to their job or position. [1] People experience role conflict when they find themselves pulled in various directions as they try to respond to the many statuses they hold. [2] Role conflict can be something that can be for either a short period of time, or a ...
Occupational stress is psychological stress related to one's job. Occupational stress refers to a chronic condition. Occupational stress can be managed by understanding what the stressful conditions at work are and taking steps to remediate those conditions. [1] Occupational stress can occur when workers do not feel supported by supervisors or ...
Strain theory is a sociological and criminological theory developed in 1938 by Robert K. Merton. [1] The theory states that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals (such as the American Dream), even though they lack the means to do so. This leads to strain, which may lead individuals to commit crimes, like ...
Job strain. Job strain is a form of psychosocial stress that occurs in the workplace. One of the most common forms of stress, it is characterized by a combination of low salaries, high demands, and low levels of control over things such as raises and paid time off. [1] Stresses at work can be eustress, a positive type of stress, or distress, a ...
Spillover effects apply to situations in which there is a form of inter-role conflict. That is, being involved in a work-role may put strains on the family role, or vice versa ([5]). This implies that an additional categorization can be made between two different types of inter-role conflict ([6]).