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Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is a multifunctional, dimeric viral protein associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). [1] It is the only EBV protein found in all EBV-related malignancies. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is important in establishing and maintaining the altered state that cells take when infected with EBV. [ 2 ]
Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases (also abbreviated EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases or EBV+ LPD) are a group of disorders in which one or more types of lymphoid cells (a type of white blood cell), i.e. B cells, T cells, NK cells, and histiocytic-dendritic cells, are infected with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).
EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) Antibody to EBNA slowly appears 2 to 4 months after the onset of symptoms and persists for the rest of a person’s life. [10] When negative, these tests are more accurate than the heterophile antibody test in ruling out infectious mononucleosis.
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is one of the nine known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans. EBV is a double-stranded DNA virus. [2] Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified oncogenic virus, or a virus that can cause cancer. EBV establishes permanent infection in humans.
The mononuclear spot test or monospot test, a form of the heterophile antibody test, [1] is a rapid test for infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It is an improvement on the Paul–Bunnell test. [2] The test is specific for heterophile antibodies produced by the human immune system in response to EBV infection.
The hosts, or individuals infected with the virus, will produce antibodies to target these Epstein Barr viral capsid antigens. [3] IgG VCA antibodies will be produced during the early stage of the EBV infection. In contrast, IgM VCA antibodies will be produced at later stages on the infection. [1] [2] [3]
EBV can be diagnosed through a serological test which detects antibodies in the blood. A serological test should not be conducted among patients with antibody deficiencies and/or passive antibodies. Another test involves screening for the measurement of EBV viral loads in peripheral blood. Radiographic testing is often paired with EBV viral ...
Epstein-Barr virus: Serum EBV capsid antigen IgG and IgM (VCA) and EBV nuclear antigen IgG (EBNA) Herpes simplex virus: CSF PCR, can be repeated within 2 to 7 days of disease onset if negative with high clinical suspicion; or CSF for HSV-IgG after 10–14 days of disease onset HHV-6: CSF PCR paired with serum PCR to exclude viral