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Penicillium chrysogenum (formerly known as Penicillium notatum) is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium. It is common in temperate and subtropical regions and can be found on salted food products, [ 1 ] but it is mostly found in indoor environments, especially in damp or water-damaged buildings. [ 2 ]
The mould was identified as Penicillium chrysogenum and designated as NRRL 1951 or cantaloupe strain. [106] [116] The spores may have escaped from the NRRL. [117] [a] [b] Between 1941 and 1943, Moyer, Coghill and Raper developed methods for industrialized penicillin production and isolated higher-yielding strains of the Penicillium fungus.
The principal commercial strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (the Peoria strain) produces penicillin G as the principal component when corn steep liquor is used as the culture medium. [8] When phenoxyethanol or phenoxyacetic acid are added to the culture medium, the mould produces penicillin V as the main penicillin instead.
Penicillium abidjanum [2] Penicillium adametzii [2] Penicillium adametzioides [2] Penicillium aeris [3] Penicillium aethiopicum [2] Penicillium albicans [2] Penicillium albidum [2] Penicillium albocoremium; Penicillium alexiae [4] Penicillium alfredii [5] Penicillium alicantinum [4] Penicillium allahabadense [6] Penicillium allii; Penicillium ...
In 1931, Thom re-examined different Penicillium including that of Fleming's specimen. He came to a confusing conclusion, stating, "Ad. 35 [Fleming's specimen] is P. notatum WESTLING. This is a member of the P. chrysogenum series with smaller conidia than P. chrysogenum itself."
Penicillium chrysogenum is of major medical and historical importance as the original and present-day industrial source of the antibiotic penicillin. The species was considered asexual for more than 100 years despite concerted efforts to induce sexual reproduction.
Penicillium rubens is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium and was the first species known to produce the antibiotic penicillin. It was first described by Philibert Melchior Joseph Ehi Biourge in 1923. For the discovery of penicillin from this species Alexander Fleming shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945. [1]
The most famous case may be that of the mold Penicillium chrysogenum (formerly Penicillium notatum), which, probably to attack competing bacteria, produces an antibiotic that, under the name of penicillin, triggered a revolution in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases in the 20th century.