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Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission. Washing hands properly after changing a baby's diaper or after performing anal hygiene can prevent foodborne illness from spreading. [citation needed] The common factors in the fecal-oral route can be summarized as five Fs: fingers, flies, fields, fluids, and food.
Common infection causes include: sexual intercourse with someone who has a sexually transmitted disease (STD), infection from a foodborne illness, and strep throat (in children). [22] Proctitis may also be caused by some types of inflammatory bowel disease, radiation therapy, injury to the rectum or anus, or some types of antibiotic.
In chronic diarrhea there is no evidence of blood in the stool and there is no sign of infection. The condition may be related to irritable bowel syndrome. [1] There are various tests that can be performed to rule out other causes of diarrhea that don't fall under the chronic criteria, including blood test, colonoscopy, and even genetic testing.
The source of infection is from objects contaminated with fecal matter containing eggs. [2] Ingestion of infective eggs from soil contaminated with human feces or contaminated vegetables and water is the primary route of infection. Infectious eggs may occur on objects such as hands, money, and furniture. [2]
Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [1] [3] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [1] The diarrhea may be bloody. [1]
Infection may cause a person to become lactose intolerant, so it is recommended to temporarily avoid lactose following an infection. [1] Resistance to treatment may occur in some patients. [1] Giardiasis occurs worldwide. [5] It is one of the most common parasitic human diseases. [3]
In the developing world, especially sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, cholera is a common cause of gastroenteritis. This infection is usually transmitted by contaminated water or food. [31] Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile is an important cause of diarrhea that occurs more often in the elderly. [17]
Acute abdomen is a condition where there is a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain requiring immediate recognition and management of the underlying cause. [7] The underlying cause may involve infection, inflammation, vascular occlusion or bowel obstruction. [7] The pain may elicit nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, fever and signs of ...