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Routing protocols, according to the OSI routing framework, are layer management protocols for the network layer, regardless of their transport mechanism: IS-IS runs on the data link layer (Layer 2) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is encapsulated in IP, but runs only on the IPv4 subnet, while the IPv6 version runs on the link using only link ...
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
Connection-oriented Presentation protocol – ITU-T Rec. X.226 [ISO/IEC 8823-1] Connectionless Presentation protocol – ITU-T Rec. X.236 [ISO/IEC 9576-1] This layer defines and encrypts/decrypts data types from the application layer. Protocols such as MIDI, MPEG, and GIF are presentation layer formats shared by different applications.
The presentation layer establishes data formatting and data translation into a format specified by the application layer during the encapsulation of outgoing messages while being passed down the protocol stack, and possibly reversed during the deencapsulation of incoming messages when being passed up the protocol stack. For this very reason ...
The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is a link-state routing protocol optimized for mobile ad hoc networks (which can also be used on other wireless ad hoc networks). [17] OLSR is proactive and uses hello and topology control messages to disseminate link-state information into the mobile ad hoc network.
A routing protocol specifies how routers communicate and share information about the topology of the network, and the capabilities of each routing node. Different protocols are often used for different topologies or different application areas. For example, the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is generally used within an enterprise and ...
Routing tables maintain a record of the routes to various network destinations. Routing tables may be specified by an administrator, learned by observing network traffic or built with the assistance of routing protocols. Routing, in a narrower sense of the term, often refers to IP routing and is contrasted with bridging.
Each routing protocol contains loop-avoidance mechanisms, but the information needed for loops to be avoided is lost when routes are redistributed. For example, a distance-vector routing protocol may prevent loops by the "split-horizon" rule; that is to say, if a router learns a route from a particular interface it will not re-advertise the ...