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Jesus's brothers – James as well as Jude, Simon, and Joses – are named in Matthew 13:55 and Mark 6:3 and mentioned elsewhere. James's name always appears first in lists, which suggests he was the eldest among them. [77] In Jewish Antiquities (20.9.1), Josephus describes James as "the brother of Jesus who is called Christ".
The brothers of Jesus or the adelphoi (Ancient Greek: ἀδελφοί, romanized: adelphoí, lit. 'of the same womb, brothers') [1] [a] are named in the New Testament as James, Joses (a form of Joseph), Simon, Jude, [2] and unnamed sisters are mentioned in Mark and Matthew. [3]
Just James: The Brother of Jesus in History and Tradition. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 1-57003-523-7. Shanks, Hershel; Witherington III, Ben (2003). The Brother of Jesus: The Dramatic Story & Meaning of the First Archaeological Link to Jesus & His Family (Updated and expanded ed.). HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-058117-4.
The discovery of a coffin first made headlines in 2002 when researchers found an inscription that reads: "James, son of Joseph, brother of Jesus."
In the Antiquities of the Jews (Book 20, Chapter 9, 1) Josephus refers to the stoning of "James the brother of Jesus" (James the Just) by order of Ananus ben Ananus, a Herodian-era High Priest. [105] [106] The James referred to in this passage is most likely the James to whom the Epistle of James has been attributed.
James, the brother of Jesus is attributed the same death; he was stoned to death by the Jews too. This testimony of "Hippolytus", if authentic, would increase the plausibility that James the son of Alphaeus is the same person as James the brother of Jesus.
Saint James the Less, as depicted in the Menologion of Basil II (c. 1000 AD) According to Jerome, James the Less is identified with James the brother of Jesus and with James, the son of Alphaeus. Jerome first tells that James the Less must be identified with James, the son of Alphaeus.
James, brother of Jesus. [2] Also called James the Just. [3] The New Testament calls him 'James, brother of the Lord' in Galatians 1:19. Note: along with a church expression 'James, brother of God' (Ἰάκωβος ὁ Ἀδελφόθεος), disputes have arisen on whether or not James was an actual biological brother of Jesus.