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Additionally, pentamidine does not reach curative levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. [10] It has a volume of distribution of 286-1356 liters when given intravenously and 1658-3790 liters when given intramuscularly. [20] Inhaled pentamidine is mainly deposited into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the lungs. [19]
While the pentose phosphate pathway does involve oxidation of glucose, its primary role is anabolic rather than catabolic. The pathway is especially important in red blood cells (erythrocytes). The reactions of the pathway were elucidated in the early 1950s by Bernard Horecker and co-workers. [2] [3]
Sentinel cells refer to cells in the body's first line of defense, which embed themselves in tissues such as skin. [1] Sentinel cells represent diverse array of cell types with the capability to monitor the presence of exogenous or potentially harmful particles and play a crucial role in recognizing and sampling signs of infection or abnormal cellular activity and/or death.
When Nme2 gene products were over-produced in gastric cancer cells, there was a decrease in proliferation, migration, and invasion of such cancer cells. The cell cultures revealed that Nme2 impacts gastric cancer cells, but the question still remains about what regulates Nme2 activities among various cancer types. [ 20 ]
Beta blockers exert their pharmacological effect, decreased heart rate, by binding to and competitively antagonising a type of receptor called beta adrenoceptors. [1]In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. [2]
Ion channels are also classified according to their subcellular localization. The plasma membrane accounts for around 2% of the total membrane in the cell, whereas intracellular organelles contain 98% of the cell's membrane. The major intracellular compartments are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. On the basis of ...
A key regulatory step is the production of 5-phospho-α-D-ribosyl 1-pyrophosphate by ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase, which is activated by inorganic phosphate and inactivated by purine ribonucleotides. It is not the committed step to purine synthesis because PRPP is also used in pyrimidine synthesis and salvage pathways.
The mechanism of chemotaxis that eukaryotic cells employ is quite different from that in the bacteria E. coli; however, sensing of chemical gradients is still a crucial step in the process. [ 40 ] [ better source needed ] Due to their small size and other biophysical constraints, E. coli cannot directly detect a concentration gradient. [ 41 ]
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