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Pentamidine is not recommended in early pregnancy but may be used in later pregnancy. [1] Its safety during breastfeeding is unclear. [3] Pentamidine is in the aromatic diamidine family of medications. [4] While the way the medication works is not entirely clear, it is believed to involve decreasing the production of DNA, RNA, and protein. [1]
There are two major classes of membrane lipids: glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Although many different membrane lipids are synthesized in our body, pathways share the same pattern. The first step is synthesizing the backbone (sphingosine or glycerol), the second step is the addition of fatty acids to the backbone to make phosphatidic acid.
Betz cells are the largest cells (by size of cell body) in the nervous system. [40] The adult human brain is estimated to contain 86±8 billion neurons, with a roughly equal number (85±10 billion) of non-neuronal cells. [41] Out of these neurons, 16 billion (19%) are located in the cerebral cortex, and 69 billion (80%) are in the cerebellum ...
Citrate ion Malate ion. The citrate-malate shuttle is a series of chemical reactions, commonly referred to as a biochemical cycle or system, that transports acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrial matrix across the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes for fatty acid synthesis. [1]
Anatomical diagram of the renin–angiotensin system, showing the role of ACE at the lungs [11] ACE is also part of the kinin–kallikrein system where it degrades bradykinin, a potent vasodilator, and other vasoactive peptides. [12] Kininase II is the same as angiotensin-converting enzyme.
[54] [55] Cilia of eukaryotic cells can also produce chemotaxis; in this case, it is mainly a Ca 2+-dependent induction of the microtubular system of the basal body and the beat of the 9 + 2 microtubules within cilia. The orchestrated beating of hundreds of cilia is synchronized by a submembranous system built between basal bodies.
Beta blockers exert their pharmacological effect, decreased heart rate, by binding to and competitively antagonising a type of receptor called beta adrenoceptors. [1]In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. [2]
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR1 gene. [5]TAAR1 is a primarily intracellular amine-activated G s-coupled and G q-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is primarily expressed in several peripheral organs and cells (e.g., the stomach, small intestine, duodenum, and white blood cells ...