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The Umayyad dynasty ( Arabic: بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ, romanized : Banū Umayya, lit. 'Sons of Umayya') or Umayyads ( Arabic: الأمويون, romanized : al-Umawiyyūn) was an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe who were the ruling family of the Caliphate between 661 and 750 and later of al-Andalus between 756 and 1031. In the pre ...
Umayya ibn Khalaf. Umayya ibn Khalaf ( Arabic: أمية ابن خلف) (born on 563 and died 13 March 624 at age of 61) was an Arab slave master and the chieftain of the Banu Jumah of the Quraysh in the seventh century. He was one of the chief opponents against the Muslims led by Muhammad.
Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khurasani (Arabic: أبو مسلم عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الخراساني; Persian: ابومسلم عبدالرحمان بن مسلم خراسانی; born 718/19 or 723/27, died 755) was a Persian [1] [2] general who led the Abbasid Revolution that toppled the Umayyad dynasty, leading to the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate.
The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, conquering Ifriqiya, Transoxiana, Sind, the Maghreb and Hispania ( al-Andalus ). At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 11,100,000 km 2 (4,300,000 sq mi), [ 1] making it one of the largest empires in history in terms of area. The dynasty was toppled by the Abbasids in 750.
Islam. Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam ( Arabic: عَبْد الْمَلِك ٱبْن مَرْوَان ٱبْن الْحَكَم, romanized : ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam; July/August 644 or June/July 647 – 9 October 705) was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from April 685 until his death in October 705. A member of the ...
The metaphor of a golden age began to be applied in 19th-century literature about Islamic history, in the context of the western aesthetic fashion known as Orientalism.The author of a Handbook for Travelers in Syria and Palestine in 1868 observed that the most beautiful mosques of Damascus were "like Mohammedanism itself, now rapidly decaying" and relics of "the golden age of Islam".
Muhtasib. A muḥtasib ( Arabic: محتسب, from the root حسبة ḥisbah, or "accountability" [1]) was "a holder of the office of al-hisbah in classical Islamic administrations", according to Oxford Islamic Studies. [2] Also called ‘amil al-suq or sahib al-suq, [3] the muḥtasib was a supervisor of bazaars and trade, the inspector of ...
Al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd al-Thaqafi (Arabic: الْمُخْتَار ٱبْن أَبِي عُبَيْد الثَّقَفِيّ, romanized: al-Mukhtār ibn Abī ʿUbayd al-Thaqafī; c. 622 – 3 April 687) was a pro-Alid revolutionary based in Kufa, who led a rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in 685 and ruled over most of Iraq for eighteen months during the Second Fitna.