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Hyperpigmentation can be diffuse or focal, affecting such areas as the face and the back of the hands. Melanin is produced by melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis. Melanin is a class of pigment responsible for producing color in the body in places such as the eyes, skin, and hair. The process of melanin synthesis (melanogenesis ...
Mycosis fungoides, also known as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides, [ 1] is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It generally affects the skin, but may progress internally over time. Symptoms include rash, tumors, skin lesions, and itchy skin.
Scarlet fever. Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A streptococcus (GAS). [ 3] It most commonly affects children between five and 15 years of age. [ 1] The signs and symptoms include a sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash. [ 1]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [ 1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration.
Carotenosis is a benign and reversible medical condition where an excess of dietary carotenoids results in orange discoloration of the outermost skin layer. The discoloration is most easily observed in light-skinned people and may be mistaken for jaundice. [ 1][ 2]: 540 [ 3]: 681 Carotenoids are lipid-soluble compounds that include alpha- and ...
Melasma. Melasma (also known as chloasma faciei, [ 1]: 854 or the mask of pregnancy[ 2] when present in pregnant women) is a tan or dark skin discoloration. Melasma is thought to be caused by sun exposure, genetic predisposition, hormone changes, and skin irritation. [ 3]
Tinea cruris, also known as jock itch, is a common type of contagious, superficial fungal infection of the groin and buttocks region, which occurs predominantly but not exclusively in men and in hot-humid climates. [ 3][ 4] Typically, over the upper inner thighs, there is an intensely itchy red raised rash with a scaly well-defined curved ...
Liver spot. Liver spots (also known as age spot, solar lentigo, [ 1] " lentigo senilis ", [ 1]: 686 " old age spot ", [ 2] " senile freckle ") [ 2] are blemishes on the skin associated with aging [ 3] and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. [ 4] They range in color from light brown [ 5] to red or black and are located in areas most ...
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