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Hyperpigmentation can be diffuse or focal, affecting such areas as the face and the back of the hands. Melanin is produced by melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis. Melanin is a class of pigment responsible for producing color in the body in places such as the eyes, skin, and hair. The process of melanin synthesis (melanogenesis ...
Melasma. Melasma (also known as chloasma faciei, [ 1]: 854 or the mask of pregnancy[ 2] when present in pregnant women) is a tan or dark skin discoloration. Melasma is thought to be caused by sun exposure, genetic predisposition, hormone changes, and skin irritation. [ 3]
Minor dark circles and a hint of periorbital puffiness —a combination principally suggestive of minor sleep deprivation. Periorbital dark circles (including dark circles of the lower eyelid) are dark blemishes around the eyes. There are many causes of this symptom, including heredity and bruising. [1]
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines ( NSML) which is part of a group called Ras / MAPK pathway syndromes, [2] is a rare autosomal dominant, [3] multisystem disease caused by a mutation in the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 gene ( PTPN11 ). The disease is a complex of features, mostly involving the skin, skeletal and ...
Mongolian spot is a congenital developmental condition—that is, one existing from birth—exclusively involving the skin. The blue colour is caused by melanocytes, melanin -containing cells, that are usually located in the surface of the skin (the epidermis ), but are in the deeper region (the dermis) in the location of the spot. [ 6]
Schamberg's disease, or progressive pigmented purpuric dermatosis, is a chronic discoloration of the skin which usually affects the legs and often spreads slowly. This disease is more common in males and may occur at any age from childhood onward. This condition is observed worldwide and has nothing to do with race or ethnic background.
Tinea cruris, also known as jock itch, is a common type of contagious, superficial fungal infection of the groin and buttocks region, which occurs predominantly but not exclusively in men and in hot-humid climates. [ 3][ 4] Typically, over the upper inner thighs, there is an intensely itchy red raised rash with a scaly well-defined curved ...
Vitiligo (/ ˌ v ɪ t ɪ ˈ l aɪ ɡ oʊ /) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes patches of skin to lose pigment or color. [1] The cause of vitiligo is unknown, but it may be related to immune system changes, genetic factors, stress, or sun exposure. [5] [6] Treatment options include topical medications, light therapy, surgery and ...
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