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Arbitrage pricing theory. In finance, arbitrage pricing theory ( APT) is a multi-factor model for asset pricing which relates various macro-economic (systematic) risk variables to the pricing of financial assets. Proposed by economist Stephen Ross in 1976, [ 1] it is widely believed to be an improved alternative to its predecessor, the capital ...
The fundamental theorems of asset pricing (also: of arbitrage, of finance ), in both financial economics and mathematical finance, provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a market to be arbitrage-free, and for a market to be complete. An arbitrage opportunity is a way of making money with no initial investment without any possibility of ...
An estimation of the CAPM and the security market line (purple) for the Dow Jones Industrial Average over 3 years for monthly data. In finance, the capital asset pricing model ( CAPM) is a model used to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an asset, to make decisions about adding assets to a well-diversified portfolio .
Ross is best known for the development of the arbitrage pricing theory (mid-1970s) as well as for his role in developing the binomial options pricing model (1979; also known as the Cox–Ross–Rubinstein model). He was an initiator of the fundamental financial concept of risk-neutral pricing.
The Heath–Jarrow–Morton ( HJM) framework is a general framework to model the evolution of interest rate curves – instantaneous forward rate curves in particular (as opposed to simple forward rates ). When the volatility and drift of the instantaneous forward rate are assumed to be deterministic, this is known as the Gaussian Heath ...
Calculating option prices, and their "Greeks", i.e. sensitivities, combines: (i) a model of the underlying price behavior, or "process" - i.e. the asset pricing model selected, with its parameters having been calibrated to observed prices; and (ii) a mathematical method which returns the premium (or sensitivity) as the expected value of option ...
Roll's critique. Roll's critique is a famous analysis of the validity of empirical tests of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) by Richard Roll. It concerns methods to formally test the statement of the CAPM, the equation. This equation relates an asset's expected return to the asset's sensitivity to the market portfolio return .
Statistical arbitrage. In finance, statistical arbitrage (often abbreviated as Stat Arb or StatArb) is a class of short-term financial trading strategies that employ mean reversion models involving broadly diversified portfolios of securities (hundreds to thousands) held for short periods of time (generally seconds to days).