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Horizontal gene transfer ( HGT) or lateral gene transfer ( LGT) [ 1][ 2][ 3] is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring ( reproduction ). [ 4] HGT is an important factor in the evolution of many organisms. [ 5][ 6] HGT is influencing scientific understanding ...
Inferring horizontal gene transfer. Horizontal or lateral gene transfer (HGT or LGT) is the transmission of portions of genomic DNA between organisms through a process decoupled from vertical inheritance. In the presence of HGT events, different fragments of the genome are the result of different evolutionary histories.
Horizontal, or lateral, transmission describes the acquisition of a facultative symbiont from the environment or from a nearby host. [2] The life cycle of the host includes both symbiotic and aposymbiotic phases. The aposymbiotic phase generally begins in the germ cells, and during development, the host organism acquires the symbiont and ...
Title page of Lucubrationes, 1541 edition, one of the first books to use a variant of the word encyclopedia in the title. An encyclopedia ( American English) or encyclopaedia ( British English) [ 1] is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. [ 2][ 3 ...
Horizontal gene transfer ( HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between distant branches on the tree of life. In evolution, it can scramble the information needed to reconstruct the phylogeny of organisms, how they are related to one another. HGT can also help scientists to reconstruct and date the tree of life, as a gene transfer can be used ...
Horizontal and vertical (disambiguation) Horizontal and vertical commonly refers a concept about orientation in mathematics, geography, physics and other sciences, with the vertical typically being defined by the direction of gravity, and with the horizontal being perpendicular to the vertical. Horizontal and vertical may also refer to:
Vertical and horizontal (disambiguation) Vertical and horizontal commonly refers a concept about orientation in mathematics, geography, physics and other sciences, with the vertical typically being defined by the direction of gravity, and with the horizontal being perpendicular to the vertical. Vertical and horizontal may also refer to:
Through any point P in the plane, there is one and only one vertical line within the plane and one and only one horizontal line within the plane. This symmetry breaks down as one moves to the three-dimensional case. A vertical line is any line parallel to the vertical direction. A horizontal line is any line normal to a vertical line.