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Political polarization (spelled polarisation in British English, African and Caribbean English, and New Zealand English) is the divergence of political attitudes away from the center, towards ideological extremes. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Scholars distinguish between ideological polarization (differences between the policy positions) and affective ...
Political polarization is a prominent component of politics in the United States. [ 1] Scholars distinguish between ideological polarization (differences between the policy positions) and affective polarization (a dislike and distrust of political out-groups), both of which are apparent in the United States. [ 2][ 3][ 4] In the last few decades ...
Social polarization. Social polarization is the segregation within a society that emerges when factors such as income inequality, real-estate fluctuations and economic displacement result in the differentiation of social groups from high-income to low-income. It is a state and/or a tendency denoting the growth of groups at the extremities of ...
A local political science professors offers insight into the political wisdom of Founding Father James Madison, a key figure in the U.S. Constitution. FSCJ professor: In polarizing times, the U.S ...
Henry Kissinger, a former US secretary of state and national security adviser who escaped Nazi Germany in his youth to become one of the most influential and controversial foreign policy figures ...
Group polarization. In social psychology, group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. These more extreme decisions are towards greater risk if individuals' initial tendencies are to be risky and towards greater caution if individuals' initial ...
Letters to the editor by Fresno Bee readers
e. In social choice theory and politics, the spoiler effect or Arrow's paradox refers to a situation where a losing (that is, irrelevant) candidate affects the results of an election. [ 1][ 2] A voting system that is not affected by spoilers satisfies independence of irrelevant alternatives or independence of spoilers.