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The lungs are the central organs of the respiratory system in humans and some other animals, including tetrapods, some snails and a small number of fish. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their function in the respiratory system is to extract oxygen from the air and ...
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. [ 3 ][ 14 ] Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. [ 15 ] The severity of the condition is variable. [ 15 ]
Pulmonology (/ ˌ p ʌ l m ə ˈ n ɒ l ə dʒ i /, / ˌ p ʊ l m ə ˈ n ɒ l ə dʒ i /, from Latin pulmō, -ōnis "lung" and the Greek suffix -λογία-logía "study of"), pneumology (/ n ʊ ˈ m ɒ l ə dʒ i, n j ʊ-/, built on Greek πνεύμων pneúmōn "lung") or pneumonology [1] (/ n ʊ m ə n ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i, n j ʊ-/) is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving ...
A lung cavity or pulmonary cavity is an abnormal, thick-walled, air-filled space within the lung. [ 1] Cavities in the lung can be caused by infections, cancer, autoimmune conditions, trauma, congenital defects, [ 2] or pulmonary embolism. [ 3] The most common cause of a single lung cavity is lung cancer. [ 4]
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction. Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself. It is generally characterized by inflamed and easily ...
Emphysema is any air-filled enlargement in the body's tissues. [ 5 ] Most commonly emphysema refers to the permanent enlargement of air spaces ( alveoli) in the lungs, [ 5 ][ 6 ] and is also known as pulmonary emphysema . Emphysema is a lower respiratory tract disease, [ 7 ] characterised by enlarged air-filled spaces in the lungs, that can ...
Lung compliance, or pulmonary compliance, is a measure of the lung 's ability to stretch and expand (distensibility of elastic tissue). In clinical practice it is separated into two different measurements, static compliance and dynamic compliance. Static lung compliance is the change in volume for any given applied pressure. [ 1]
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