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Pulmonology (/ ˌ p ʌ l m ə ˈ n ɒ l ə dʒ i /, / ˌ p ʊ l m ə ˈ n ɒ l ə dʒ i /, from Latin pulmō, -ōnis "lung" and the Greek suffix -λογία-logía "study of"), pneumology (/ n ʊ ˈ m ɒ l ə dʒ i, n j ʊ-/, built on Greek πνεύμων pneúmōn "lung") or pneumonology [1] (/ n ʊ m ə n ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i, n j ʊ-/) is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving ...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS) is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. [ 1] Symptoms include shortness of breath (dyspnea), rapid breathing (tachypnea), and bluish skin coloration (cyanosis). [ 1] For those who survive, a decreased quality of life is common.
The lungs are the central organs of the respiratory system in humans and some other animals, including tetrapods, some snails and a small number of fish. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their function in the respiratory system is to extract oxygen from the air and ...
Chronic respiratory diseases are long-term diseases of the airways and other structures of the lung. They are characterized by a high inflammatory cell recruitment ( neutrophil) and/or destructive cycle of infection, (e.g. mediated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ). Some of the most common are asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute ...
Interstitial lung disease ( ILD ), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease ( DPLD ), [ 3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [ 4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues.
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
Respiratory failure. Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia.
Emphysema is any air-filled enlargement in the body's tissues. [ 5 ] Most commonly emphysema refers to the permanent enlargement of air spaces ( alveoli) in the lungs, [ 5 ][ 6 ] and is also known as pulmonary emphysema . Emphysema is a lower respiratory tract disease, [ 7 ] characterised by enlarged air-filled spaces in the lungs, that can ...