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History of fluid mechanics. The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history. The field has undergone a continuous evolution, driven by human dependence on water, meteorological ...
History of aerodynamics. Aerodynamics is a branch of dynamics concerned with the study of the motion of air. It is a sub-field of fluid and gas dynamics, and the term "aerodynamics" is often used when referring to fluid dynamics. Early records of fundamental aerodynamic concepts date back to the work of Aristotle and Archimedes in the 2nd and ...
Entropy and life. Research concerning the relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and both the origin and evolution of life began around the turn of the 20th century. In 1910 American historian Henry Adams printed and distributed to university libraries and history professors the small volume A Letter to American Teachers of ...
Caloric theory. The caloric theory is an obsolete scientific theory that heat consists of a self-repellent fluid called caloric that flows from hotter bodies to colder bodies. Caloric was also thought of as a weightless gas that could pass in and out of pores in solids and liquids. The "caloric theory" was superseded by the mid-19th century in ...
Human thermoregulation. As in other mammals, human thermoregulation is an important aspect of homeostasis. In thermoregulation, body heat is generated mostly in the deep organs, especially the liver, brain, and heart, and in contraction of skeletal muscles. [ 1] Humans have been able to adapt to a great diversity of climates, including hot ...
The hominoids are descendants of a common ancestor. Human evolution is the evolutionary process within the history of primates that led to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid family that includes all the great apes. [ 1] This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism, dexterity ...
A hot, less-dense material at the bottom moves upwards, and likewise, cold material from the top moves downwards. Convection is single or multiphase fluid flow that occurs spontaneously due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces on a fluid, most commonly density and gravity (see buoyancy ). When the cause of ...
t. e. In biology, homeostasis ( British also homoeostasis; / hɒmioʊˈsteɪsɪs, - miə -/) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems. [ 1] This is the condition of optimal functioning for the organism and includes many variables, such as body temperature and fluid balance, being kept within ...