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Hypertension and the brain. Hypertension is a condition characterized by an elevated blood pressure in which the long term consequences include cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, adrenal gland tumors, vision impairment, memory loss, metabolic syndrome, stroke and dementia. [1] It affects nearly 1 in 2 Americans and remains as a ...
Hypertensive encephalopathy ( HE) is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure. [3] Symptoms may include headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, and confusion. [1] Onset is generally sudden. [1] Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome ( PRES ), also known as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome ( RPLS ), is a rare condition in which parts of the brain are affected by swelling, usually as a result of an underlying cause. Someone with PRES may experience headaches, changes in vision, and seizures, with some developing ...
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH ), previously known as pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension, is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause. [2] The main symptoms are headache, vision problems, ringing in the ears, and shoulder pain.
Ocular hypertension. Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye ( intraocular pressure ), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [ 1][ 2] For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. [ 3][ 4] Elevated intraocular pressure is an important risk ...
Increased, normal, decreased. Intracranial pressure ( ICP) is the pressure exerted by fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the skull and on the brain tissue. ICP is measured in millimeters of mercury ( mmHg) and at rest, is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult. This equals to 9–20 cmH 2 O, which is a common scale used in lumbar ...
The brain damage caused by a stroke can lead to serious problem such as: Cognitive issues ( memory lapses, difficulty solving problems) Difficulty swallowing and eating. Muscle weakness or ...
The atherosclerotic, hypertension-related vascular lesions in the kidney primarily affect the preglomerular arterioles, resulting in ischemic changes in the glomeruli and postglomerular structures. Glomerular injury may also be a consequence of direct damage to the glomerular capillaries due to glomerular hyperperfusion.