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Viète. de Moivre. Euler. Fourier. v. t. e. In trigonometry, trigonometric identities are equalities that involve trigonometric functions and are true for every value of the occurring variables for which both sides of the equality are defined. Geometrically, these are identities involving certain functions of one or more angles.
Scalar field theory. In theoretical physics, scalar field theory can refer to a relativistically invariant classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation. [ 1] The only fundamental scalar quantum field that has been observed in nature is the Higgs field.
Dynamic pressure. In fluid dynamics, dynamic pressure (denoted by q or Q and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by: [ 1] where (in SI units): u is the flow speed in m/s. It can be thought of as the fluid's kinetic energy per unit volume . For incompressible flow, the dynamic pressure of a fluid is the difference between ...
Digamma function. In mathematics, the digamma function is defined as the logarithmic derivative of the gamma function: [ 1][ 2][ 3] It is the first of the polygamma functions. This function is strictly increasing and strictly concave on , [ 4] and it asymptotically behaves as [ 5] for complex numbers with large modulus ( ) in the sector with ...
Hyperbola. A hyperbola is an open curve with two branches, the intersection of a plane with both halves of a double cone. The plane does not have to be parallel to the axis of the cone; the hyperbola will be symmetrical in any case. Hyperbola (red): features. In mathematics, a hyperbola is a type of smooth curve lying in a plane, defined by its ...
Spin (physics) Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, and thus by composite particles such as hadrons, atomic nuclei, and atoms. [ 1][ 2]: 183 –184 Spin is quantized, and accurate models for the interaction with spin require relativistic quantum mechanics or quantum field theory .
The graph forms a rectangular hyperbola. In mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number x, denoted by 1/ x or x−1, is a number which when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity, 1. The multiplicative inverse of a fraction a / b is b / a. For the multiplicative inverse of a real number, divide 1 by the number.
Plot of the Bessel function of the first kind J n (z) with n = 0.5 in the complex plane from −2 − 2i to 2 + 2i Plot of Bessel function of the first kind, J α (x), for integer orders α = 0, 1, 2 Bessel functions of the first kind, denoted as J α ( x ) , are solutions of Bessel's differential equation.