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Calcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid. It is commonly used as a food additive ( E333 ), usually as a preservative, but sometimes for flavor. In this sense, it is similar to sodium citrate. Calcium citrate is also found in some dietary calcium supplements (e.g. Citracal or Caltrate ).
The absolute bioavailability is the dose-corrected area under curve ( AUC) non-intravenous divided by AUC intravenous. The formula for calculating the absolute bioavailability, F, of a drug administered orally (po) is given below (where D is dose administered). Therefore, a drug given by the intravenous route will have an absolute ...
Calcium metabolism. The body regulates calcium homeostasis with two pathways; one is signaled to turn on when blood calcium levels drop below normal and one is the pathway that is signaled to turn on when blood calcium levels are elevated. Calcium metabolism is the movement and regulation of calcium ions (Ca 2+) in (via the gut) and out (via ...
In the field of pharmacokinetics, the area under the curve ( AUC) is the definite integral of the concentration of a drug in blood plasma as a function of time (this can be done using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry [ 1] ). In practice, the drug concentration is measured at certain discrete points in time and the trapezoidal rule is ...
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust, and ...
Calcium in biology. Calcium is used in many nerves in the voltage-gated calcium channel which is slightly slower than the voltage-gated potassium channel. It is most notably used in the cardiac action potential. [1] Calcium ions (Ca 2+) contribute to the physiology and biochemistry of organisms' cells. They play an important role in signal ...
Equianalgesic. An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [ 1] Tables of this general type are also available for ...
Calcium imaging is a microscopy technique to optically measure the calcium (Ca 2+) status of an isolated cell, tissue or medium. Calcium imaging takes advantage of calcium indicators, fluorescent molecules that respond to the binding of Ca 2+ ions by fluorescence properties. Two main classes of calcium indicators exist: chemical indicators and ...