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t. e. An industrial design right is an intellectual property right that protects the visual design of objects that are purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three-dimensional form containing aesthetic value.
Engineering biology. Engineering biology is the set of methods for designing, building, and testing engineered biological systems which have been used to manipulate information, construct materials, process chemicals, produce energy, provide food, and help maintain or enhance human health and environment. [1]
Biological engineering. Biological engineering or bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products. [1] Biological engineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, [2] such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics ...
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services. [1] The term biotechnology was first used by Károly Ereky in 1919 [2] to refer to the production of products from raw materials with ...
Ecological Economics (journal) Related topics. v. t. e. The Limits to Growth (LTG) is a 1972 report [2] that discussed the possibility of exponential economic and population growth with finite supply of resources, studied by computer simulation. [3] The study used the World3 computer model to simulate the consequence of interactions between the ...
Plant breeders' rights (PBR), also known as plant variety rights (PVR), are rights granted in certain places to the breeder of a new variety of plant that give the breeder exclusive control over the propagating material (including seed, cuttings, divisions, tissue culture) and harvested material (cut flowers, fruit, foliage) of a new variety for a number of years.
Kettlewell's experiment was a biological experiment in the mid-1950s to study the evolutionary mechanism of industrial melanism in the peppered moth (Biston betularia). [ 1 ][ 2 ] It was executed by Bernard Kettlewell, working as a research fellow in the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford. He was investigating the cause of the ...
Industrial design is a process of design applied to physical products that are to be manufactured by mass production. [1][2] It is the creative act of determining and defining a product's form and features, which takes place in advance of the manufacture or production of the product. Industrial manufacture consists of predetermined ...