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Real options valuation, also often termed real options analysis, [1] (ROV or ROA) applies option valuation techniques to capital budgeting decisions. [2] A real option itself, is the right—but not the obligation—to undertake certain business initiatives, such as deferring, abandoning, expanding, staging, or contracting a capital investment project. [3]
The fuzzy pay-off method for real option valuation ( FPOM or pay-off method) [1] is a method for valuing real options, developed by Mikael Collan, Robert Fullér, and József Mezei; and published in 2009. It is based on the use of fuzzy logic and fuzzy numbers for the creation of the possible pay-off distribution of a project (real option).
Main article: Option time value. The option premium is always greater than the intrinsic value up to the expiration event. This extra money is for the risk which the option writer/seller is undertaking. This is called the time value. Time value is the amount the option trader is paying for a contract above its intrinsic value, with the belief ...
Option pricing models, in this context, are used to value specific balance-sheet items, or the asset itself, when these have option-like characteristics. Examples of the first type are warrants, employee stock options, and investments with embedded options such as callable bonds; the second type are usually real options.
A feasible solution that minimizes (or maximizes) the objective function is called an optimal solution. In mathematics, conventional optimization problems are usually stated in terms of minimization. A local minimumx* is defined as an element for which there exists some δ > 0 such that.
Contingent claim. In finance, a contingent claim is a derivative whose future payoff depends on the value of another “ underlying ” asset, [1][2] or more generally, that is dependent on the realization of some uncertain future event. [3] These are so named, since there is only a payoff under certain contingencies. [4]
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Real analysis. In mathematics, the branch of real analysis studies the behavior of real numbers, sequences and series of real numbers, and real functions. [1] Some particular properties of real-valued sequences and functions that real analysis studies include convergence, limits, continuity, smoothness, differentiability and integrability.