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Newton's second law states that force equals mass multiplied by acceleration. The unit of force is the newton (N), and mass has the SI unit kilogram (kg). One newton equals one kilogram metre per second squared. Therefore, the unit metre per second squared is equivalent to newton per kilogram, N·kg −1, or N/kg. [2]
The first equation shows that, after one second, an object will have fallen a distance of 1/2 × 9.8 × 1 2 = 4.9 m. After two seconds it will have fallen 1/2 × 9.8 × 2 2 = 19.6 m; and so on. On the other hand, the penultimate equation becomes grossly inaccurate at great distances.
The SI unit of acceleration is the metre per second squared (m s −2); or "metre per second per second", as the velocity in metres per second changes by the acceleration value, every second. Other forms
weber per square meter (Wb/m 2) capacitance: farad (F) heat capacity: joule per kelvin (J⋅K −1) constant of integration: varied depending on context speed of light (in vacuum) 299,792,458 meters per second (m/s) speed of sound: meter per second (m/s) specific heat capacity: joule per kilogram per kelvin (J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1)
A newton is defined as 1 kg⋅m/s 2 (it is a named derived unit defined in terms of the SI base units). [1]: 137 One newton is, therefore, the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass at the rate of one metre per second squared in the direction of the applied force.
A sphere rotating around an axis. Points farther from the axis move faster, satisfying ω = v / r.. In physics, angular frequency (symbol ω), also called angular speed and angular rate, is a scalar measure of the angle rate (the angle per unit time) or the temporal rate of change of the phase argument of a sinusoidal waveform or sine function (for example, in oscillations and waves).
where and are any two masses, is the gravitational constant, and is the distance between the two point-like masses. Two bodies orbiting their center of mass (red cross) Using the integral form of Gauss's Law , this formula can be extended to any pair of objects of which one is far more massive than the other — like a planet relative to any ...
where ξ α = x 2 α − x 1 α is the separation vector between two geodesics, D / ds (not just d / ds ) is the covariant derivative, and R α βγδ is the Riemann curvature tensor, containing the Christoffel symbols. In other words, the geodesic deviation equation is the equation of motion for masses in curved spacetime ...