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Memory protection is a way to control memory access rights on a computer, and is a part of most modern instruction set architectures and operating systems.The main purpose of memory protection is to prevent a process from accessing memory that has not been allocated to it.
A memory protection unit (MPU) is a computer hardware unit that provides memory protection. It is usually implemented as part of the central processing unit (CPU). [ 1 ] MPU is a trimmed down version of memory management unit (MMU) providing only memory protection support.
In computing, protected mode, also called protected virtual address mode, [1] is an operational mode of x86-compatible central processing units (CPUs). It allows system software to use features such as segmentation, virtual memory, paging and safe multi-tasking designed to increase an operating system's control over application software.
Computer operating systems provide different levels of access to resources. A protection ring is one of two or more hierarchical levels or layers of privilege within the architecture of a computer system. This is generally hardware-enforced by some CPU architectures that provide different CPU modes at the hardware or microcode level. Rings are ...
Protection relies upon hardware memory protection and thus overhead is typically not substantial, although it can grow significantly if the program makes heavy use of allocation. [16] Randomization provides only probabilistic protection against memory errors, but can often be easily implemented in existing software by relinking the binary.
In computing, a memory access pattern or IO access pattern is the pattern with which a system or program reads and writes memory on secondary storage.These patterns differ in the level of locality of reference and drastically affect cache performance, [1] and also have implications for the approach to parallelism [2] [3] and distribution of workload in shared memory systems. [4]
A Replay Protected Memory Block (RPMB) is provided as a means for a system to store data to the specific memory area in an authenticated and replay protected manner and can only be read and written via successfully authenticated read and write accesses. The data may be overwritten by the host but can never be erased.
ASF provides the capability to start, end and abort transactional execution and to mark CPU cache lines for protected memory access in transactional code regions. It contains four new instructions—SPECULATE, COMMIT, ABORT and RELEASE—and turns the otherwise invalid LOCK-prefixed MOVx, PREFETCH and PREFETCHW instructions into valid ones inside transactional code regions.