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Research concerning the relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and both the origin and evolution of life began around the turn of the 20th century. In 1910 American historian Henry Adams printed and distributed to university libraries and history professors the small volume A Letter to American Teachers of History proposing a theory of history based on the second law of ...
The unusual density curve and lower density of ice than of water is essential for much of the life on earth—if water were most dense at the freezing point, then in winter the cooling at the surface would lead to convective mixing. Once 0 °C are reached, the water body would freeze from the bottom up, and all life in it would be killed. [36]
Optical phenomena are any observable events that result from the interaction of light and matter. All optical phenomena coincide with quantum phenomena. [1] Common optical phenomena are often due to the interaction of light from the Sun or Moon with the atmosphere, clouds, water, dust, and other particulates.
life preserver a type of weapon for self-defence (US: blackjack) life vest, personal flotation device (UK: lifebelt or lifejacket) lift (n.) platform or cage moved vertically in a shaft to transport people and goods to various floors in a building (US: elevator) ride as a passenger in a vehicle (as in, to give someone a lift)
In other words, light appeared to be dragged by the water, but the magnitude of the dragging was much lower than expected. The Fizeau experiment forced physicists to accept the empirical validity of an Fresnel's model, that a medium moving through the stationary aether drags light propagating through it with only a fraction of the medium's ...
Ecosystem services, on the other hand, are generally "improvements in the condition or location of things of value". [45] These include things like the maintenance of hydrological cycles, cleaning air and water, the maintenance of oxygen in the atmosphere, crop pollination and even things like beauty, inspiration and opportunities for research ...
A mixotroph is an organism that uses a mix of different sources of energy and carbon, instead of having a single trophic mode, on the continuum from complete autotrophy to complete heterotrophy.
This bacterium can use water as a source of electrons in order to perform CO 2 reduction reactions. A photolithoautotroph is an autotrophic organism that uses light energy, and an inorganic electron donor (e.g., H 2 O, H 2 , H 2 S), and CO 2 as its carbon source.