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Scalar (mathematics) – Elements of a field, e.g. real numbers, in the context of linear algebra Struct (C programming language) – C keyword for defining a structured data type References
Protocol Buffers (Protobuf) is a free and open-source cross-platform data format used to serialize structured data. It is useful in developing programs that communicate with each other over a network or for storing data.
Go was designed at Google in 2007 to improve programming productivity in an era of multicore, networked machines and large codebases. [22] The designers wanted to address criticisms of other languages in use at Google, but keep their useful characteristics: [23]
The Cap'n Proto interface schema uses a C-like syntax and supports common primitives data types (booleans, integers, floats, etc.), compound types (structs, lists, enums), as well as generics and dynamic types. [2] Cap'n Proto also supports object-oriented features such as multiple inheritance, which has been criticized for its complexity. [3]
Many languages have explicit pointers or references. Reference types differ from these in that the entities they refer to are always accessed via references; for example, whereas in C++ it's possible to have either a std:: string and a std:: string *, where the former is a mutable string and the latter is an explicit pointer to a mutable string (unless it's a null pointer), in Java it is only ...
The alignment of particular fields in the struct (with respect to word boundaries) is implementation-specific and may include padding. Modern compilers typically support the #pragma pack directive, which sets the size in bytes for alignment. [1] The C struct feature was derived from the same-named concept in ALGOL 68. [2]
Some languages, such as C, allow the declaration of opaque records (structs), whose size and fields are hidden from the client. The only thing that the client can do with an object of such a type is to take its memory address , to produce an opaque pointer .
For example, when writing GObject-based C code, it is frequently necessary to perform explicit upcasting. [citation needed] Hence, “C with GObject”, also called "glib-flavored C", considered as a language separate from plain C, is a strict superset of plain C — like Objective C, but unlike C++.