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The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section.The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering [1] and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. [2]
The PASER scale is a 1-10 rating system for road pavement condition developed by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Transportation Information Center. PASER uses visual inspection to evaluate pavement surface conditions.
The roughness scale that was defined and tested was eventually named the International Roughness Index. [8] The IRI is used in managing pavement assets, as well as sometimes in evaluating new construction to determine bonus/penalty payments for contractors or for identifying specific locations where repairs or improvements (e.g., grinding or ...
Asphalt shingles on a home in Avalon, New Jersey. Two types of base materials are used to make asphalt shingles, organic and fiberglass.Both are made in a similar manner, with an asphalt-saturated base covered on one or both sides with asphalt or modified-asphalt, the exposed surface impregnated with slate, schist, quartz, vitrified brick, stone, [6] or ceramic granules, and the under-side ...
A deterioration model can help decision-makers to understand how fast the condition drops or violates a certain threshold. [5] Traditionally, most municipalities have been using deterioration curves for deterioration modeling. [5] Recently, more complex methods based on simulation, Markov models and machine learning models have been introduced.
The present serviceability index (PSI) is a pavement performance measure.Introduced by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the PSI is one of the most widely used pavement performance indicators after pavement condition index (PCI) and international roughness index (IRI).
An asphalt shingle roof has flexible asphalt shingles as the ridge cap. Some roof shingles are non-combustible or have a better fire rating than others which influence their use, some building codes do not allow the use of shingles with less than a class-A fire rating to be used on some types of buildings. Due to increased fire hazard, wood ...
In 2007, GAF merged with Elk Corporation, a manufacturer of asphalt felts and coatings. [11] In 2011, GAF became the first roofing manufacturer to offer a Lifetime Limited Warranty on all laminated shingles. [5] [6] GAF Energy, a sister company which offers affordable integrated rooftop solar options, was launched in 2019. [12]