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The Balkan Jews were Sephardi Jews, except in Croatia and Slovenia, where the Jewish communities were mainly Ashkenazi Jews. In Bosnia and Herzegovina , the small and close-knit Jewish community is 90% Sephardic , and Ladino is still spoken among the elderly.
The Jewish communities of the Balkans remained small until the late 15th century, when Jews fleeing the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions found refuge in the Ottoman-ruled areas, including Serbia. The community flourished and reached a peak of 33,000, of whom almost 90% were living in Belgrade and Vojvodina, before World War II .
The Jewish communities of the Balkans were boosted in the 15th and 16th centuries by the arrival of Jewish refugees fleeing the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions. Sultan Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire welcomed the Jewish refugees into his empire. Jews became involved in trade between the various provinces in the Ottoman Empire, becoming ...
There are two English editions: the first, The Jews of the Balkans: The Judeo-Spanish Community, 15th to 20th Centuries, an abridged translation, was published in 1995 by Blackwell Publishing. A more complete translation, titled Sephardi Jewry: A History of the Judeo-Spanish Community, 14th-20th Centuries , was published in 2000 by the ...
This was the taking (enslaving) of non-Muslim boys, [17] notably Anatolian and Balkan Christians; Jews were never subject to devşirme. There is however evidence that Jews tried to enroll into the system. Jews were not allowed in the janissary army, and so in suspected cases, the entire batch would be sent to the Imperial Arsenal as
Jews were drafted into the Bulgarian army and fought in the Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885), in the Balkan Wars (1912–13), and in the First World War. 211 Jewish soldiers of the Bulgarian army were recorded as having died during World War I. [3] The Treaty of Neuilly after World War I emphasized Jews' equality with other Bulgarian citizens.
These were brought to the camp without sentence, almost destined for immediate execution, accelerated via the use of machine-guns. A report on the deportation of Travnik area Jews to Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška camps, March 1942. Jews, the primary target of Nazi genocide, were the second-largest category of victims of Jasenovac.
Jewish communities also spread through the Balkans at this time, while the Jews were primarily Romaniotes. [ 22 ] [ need quotation to verify ] In a Greek-influenced "Byzantine commonwealth", the Greek Christian culture and also the Romaniote culture influenced the emerging societies both of the Christian and of the Jewish communities of the ...