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For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.
The concentration of pure osmium tetroxide (molar mass = 254.23 g/mol) is c(OsO 4) = 5.1 kg/L / 254.23 g/mol = 20.1 mol/L. A typical protein in bacteria, such as E. coli, may have about 60 copies, and the volume of a bacterium is about 10 −15 L. Thus, the number concentration C is C = 60 / (10 −15 L) = 6 × 10 16 L −1. The molar ...
Hydrochloric acid as the binary (two-component) mixture of HCl and H 2 O has a constant-boiling azeotrope at 20.2% HCl and 108.6 °C (381.8 K; 227.5 °F). There are four constant- crystallization eutectic points for hydrochloric acid, between the crystal form of [H 3 O]Cl (68% HCl), [H 5 O 2 ]Cl (51% HCl), [H 7 O 3 ]Cl (41% HCl), [H 3 O]Cl·5H ...
Frozen HCl undergoes a phase transition at 98.4 K (−174.8 °C; −282.5 °F). X-ray powder diffraction of the frozen material shows that the material changes from an orthorhombic structure to a cubic one during this transition. In both structures the chlorine atoms are in a face-centered array.
10 1: daM 17.5 M pure (glacial) acetic acid (1.05 g/cm 3) [22] 40 M: pure solid hydrogen (86 g/L) [23] 55.5 M: pure water at 3.984 °C, temperature of its maximum density (1.0000 g/cm 3) [24] 10 2: hM 118.8 M: pure osmium at 20 °C (22.587 g/cm 3) [25] 140.5 M: pure copper at 25 °C (8.93 g/cm 3) 10 3: kM: 10 4: 24 kM: helium in the solar core ...
The Avogadro constant (symbol N A = N 0 /mol) has numerical multiplier given by the Avogadro number with the unit reciprocal mole (mol −1). [2] The ratio n = N/N A is a measure of the amount of substance (with the unit mole). [2] [3] [4]
The solution has 1 mole or 1 equiv Na +, 1 mole or 2 equiv Ca 2+, and 3 mole or 3 equiv Cl −. An earlier definition, used especially for chemical elements , holds that an equivalent is the amount of a substance that will react with 1 g (0.035 oz) of hydrogen , 8 g (0.28 oz) of oxygen , or 35.5 g (1.25 oz) of chlorine —or that will displace ...
For example, if there are 10 grams of salt (the solute) dissolved in 1 litre of water (the solvent), this solution has a certain salt concentration . If one adds 1 litre of water to this solution, the salt concentration is reduced. The diluted solution still contains 10 grams of salt (0.171 moles of NaCl).