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This table shows the effect of each bit. At each stage, the relevant half of the range is highlighted in green; a low bit selects the lower range, a high bit selects the upper range. The column "mean value" shows the latitude, simply the mean value of the range. Each subsequent bit makes this value more precise.
The reference count of a string is checked before mutating a string. This allows reference count 1 strings to be mutated directly whilst higher reference count strings are copied before mutation. This allows the general behaviour of old style pascal strings to be preserved whilst eliminating the cost of copying the string on every assignment.
A vector treated as an array of numbers by writing as a row vector or column vector (whichever is used depends on convenience or context): = (), = Index notation allows indication of the elements of the array by simply writing a i, where the index i is known to run from 1 to n, because of n-dimensions. [1]
To use column-major order in a row-major environment, or vice versa, for whatever reason, one workaround is to assign non-conventional roles to the indexes (using the first index for the column and the second index for the row), and another is to bypass language syntax by explicitly computing positions in a one-dimensional array.
Let A be an m × n matrix, with row vectors r 1, r 2, ..., r m. A linear combination of these vectors is any vector of the form + + +, where c 1, c 2, ..., c m are scalars. The set of all possible linear combinations of r 1, ..., r m is called the row space of A.
This can be generalized to restrict the range of values in the dataset between any arbitrary points and , using for example ′ = + (). Note that some other ratios, such as the variance-to-mean ratio ( σ 2 μ ) {\textstyle \left({\frac {\sigma ^{2}}{\mu }}\right)} , are also done for normalization, but are not nondimensional: the units do not ...
The Tukey's range test uncovered that San Francisco & Spokane did not have statistically different rainfall mean (at the alpha = 0.05 level) with a p-value of 0.08. Seattle & Portland also did not have statistically different rainfall mean, with a difference associated with a p-value of 0.54.
When the program requires the sine of a value, it can use the lookup table to retrieve the closest sine value from a memory address, and may also interpolate to the sine of the desired value, instead of calculating by mathematical formula. Lookup tables can thus used by mathematics coprocessors in computer systems.