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Examples of Catholics who before the First Vatican Council disbelieved in papal infallibility are French abbé François-Philippe Mesenguy (1677–1763), who wrote a catechism denying the infallibility of the pope, [78] and the German Felix Blau (1754–1798), who as professor at the University of Mainz criticized infallibility without a ...
The council was formally closed in 1960 by Pope John XXIII, prior to the formation of the Second Vatican Council. [ 23 ] In reaction to the political implications of the doctrine of infallibility on the sovereignty of secular states , some of the European kingdoms and republics took rapid action against the Catholic Church.
Painting to commemorate the dogma of papal infallibility (Voorschoten, 1870).Left to right: Thomas Aquinas, Christ and Pope Pius IX Pastor aeternus ("First Dogmatic Constitution on the Church of Christ") was issued by the First Vatican Council, July 18, 1870.
Summons First Vatican Council. 1869 (October 12) Apostolicæ Sedis moderationi ("To the guidance of the Apostolic See") Regulates the system of censures and reservations in the Catholic Church. 1871 Pastor aeternus ("The eternal shepherd") Defines papal infallibility. 1880 (July 13) Dolemus inter alia ("Among other things, we lament") Leo XIII
Papal supremacy is the doctrine of the Catholic Church that the Pope, by reason of his office as Vicar of Christ, the visible source and foundation of the unity both of the bishops and of the whole company of the faithful, and as pastor of the entire Catholic Church, has full, supreme, and universal power over the whole church, a power which he can always exercise unhindered: [1] that, in ...
This type of infallibility falls under the authority of the sacred magisterium. The doctrine of papal infallibility was formally defined at the First Vatican Council [11] in 1870, although belief in this doctrine long predated this council and was premised on the promises of Jesus to Peter (Mat 16:16-20; Luke 22:32). [12]
The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a period some church historians have called the "long nineteenth century," [4] saw a further consolidation of papal authority. In 1870 the First Vatican Council decreed the infallibility of the Pope's teachings, [2] although during the council Cardinal Filippo Maria Guidi OP of Bologna objected that ...
Paul Collins argues that "(the doctrine of papal primacy as formulated by the First Vatican Council) has led to the exercise of untrammelled papal power and has become a major stumbling block in ecumenical relationships with the Orthodox (who consider the definition to be heresy) and Protestants."